Indigenous peoples, many of whom live in areas of high biodiversity in and around forests, are often remote geographically and isolated socially. Hence, they are amongst the most marginalised groups, and their traditional land use systems, evolved over centuries, though once stable and in tune with the environment, are under threat due to an observed trend on the part of many of the indigenous groups to move away from largely subsistence production systems to more market based economies. This partial integration into capitalist economies has created new needs, while denying access to the real means to satisfy those needs. At the same time, their lands have been occupied and resources exploited by outsiders, further degrading their resource base, while providing few benefits. Lowest in the social hierarchy they suffer the indignities of racism and social neglect. Only a few agencies are assisting these groups, and fewer still are dealing adequately with these complexities. The better documentation of traditional farming and NR management practices and the development of effective and sustainable land use systems that respond to changing local needs will enable improved economic benefit and the consolidation of land rights. Indigenous land use practices have conserved biodiversity and contributed to the preservation of forest ecosystems.

Enhance the participation of indigenous peoples in sustainable land use development in lowland Bolivia.

Improved investigation and analysis of traditional natural resources management practices and enhanced information exchange and utilisation amongst indigenous people.

Where appropriate, wider dissemination throughout the farming community.

• Capacity of indigenous people to plan and manage research developed.
• Traditional Natural Resource Management (NRM) practice analysed and documented.
• Information about traditional NRM practices exchanged between indigenous peoples, local institutions and other producers.